Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The European Role Essays -

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The European Role TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE The European Role I. Introduction A. Defining the slave trade II. European Role in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade 1. The Portuguese 2. The Dutch 3. The English and the French 2. Detail of the information III. Conclusion The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was the most abominable and cruel from of slavery, but it was neither the first nor the only slave trade. Slavery was a recognized institution around the world long before the Egyptians enslaved the Jews. By the 18th century, large parts of the European population were descendants of serfs and slaves. Worldwide domestic slavery was the most common form of enslavement. In West Africa severe forms of slavery existed. The slaves were usually men and women captured in war whose labor led to surplus production and whose numbers amplified the armies of imperial expansion. In most parts, slaves born within the master's household were better treated than war captives or trade slaves often as members of the family. Slaves could occasionally rise to positions of importance or but their own freedom. Usually this type of slavery was not a problem. The disgrace of slavery all fell in the history of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. During third period is where the inh umanity of the treatment of slaves occurred. The ultimate degradation of slaves singularly characteristic of the Trans-Atlatntic Slave Trade. The European Role in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in the late 15th century, became an important factor. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to extensively explore the African Coast. Even though the Europeans were neither the first nor the only ones to have slaves. They mostly profoundly interacted with influenced the cultures and lives of the Africans with whom they came in contact. Before the late 15th century, Europeans were neither economically nor politically able to set up and maintain a long distance trading relationship. By the middle of the 15th century the Portuguese were the first to go to Africa. The Portuguese were the first to establish a lasting commercial tie between Europe and Western Africa because of religious, political and commercial reasons. Some scholars believe the Portuguese wanted to be the middleman in the trade between Asia and Europe. Because the Portuguese were looking for grain and gold, they traveled to the country that was known to have both, Africa. Hoping to secure some of the Trans-Saharan trade in gold, ivory, and slaves monopolized by their enemies, they organized trade to the West Coast of Africa. History Reports

C.S. Lewis Chronicales of Narnia Analysis (with topics)

C.S. Lewis Chronicales of Narnia Analysis (with topics) Topic # 3: Evaluate what seems to you the most important word, sentence, or paragraphin your novel and give reasons for your choice.The Great Lion Aslan speaks to Jill about the quest which she and Eustace wouldgo on in the story, "I lay on you this command, that you seek this lost prince until eitheryou have found him and brought him to his father's house, or else died in the attempt, orelse gone back to your won world." This sentence along with four signs that Aslan says,if followed, will lead to the prince, are the most important paragraph in the novel.Without this insight of the situation, a person will not clearly know what is happeningthrough a good part of the book. The signs in the paragraph, which are only told to Jill,help solve many questions, which the reader would think. The story of the prince is nottalked about except at the end of the book, the paragraph is clearly important since itgives the only clear insight on the situation before the story by the prince.Puddleglu mTopic # 12: Copy your favorite passage from the novel and comment on it."MAN. This elegant little biped has long been valued as a delicacy. It forms atraditional part of the Autumn Feast, and is served between the fish and the joint. EachMan..." This passage comes from a giant's cookery book, not a typical cook book. Anyperson in the place of Jill, Eustace, and Puddleglum, humans, would panic and either runat the spot or faint. It is an amusing passage to read, there is one delicacy you will notforget.Topic # 21: Identify the point of view used in the novel and explain why the author chose...

Analyse The Factors Contributing To Language Maintenance Education Essay

Analyse The Factors Contributing To Language Maintenance Education Essay In countries of significant migration, like Australia, newly arrived settlers from non-English speaking countries need to become bilingual, adding to fluency in their own language at least some fluency in English. With the passage of time, perhaps generations, families may find that their ethnic language becomes lost to them. Many consider that this loss is not only a loss for families and individuals, but that it is also a loss for the community at large. For the purposes of this essay, the term â€Å"language maintenance† is used to refer to the ability of ethnic communities, families and individuals to maintain their own language while adapting to the language of their new country. This essay will consider the factors which appear to influence the maintenance of a language, focusing on some of the more powerful social and psychological forces which propel individuals towards the continued learning and maintenance of a minority language. There seems to be little doubt among the researchers that attitudes influence language maintenance. In fact, attitudes towards the minority language and culture appear to underlie the other relevant factors, which include sense of ethnic identity, motivation and family support. These factors will be dealt with in turn in this essay. There is a considerable body of evidence that attitudes to the ethnic language and culture influence language maintenance. In order to consider attitudes towards a language, one needs to consider what makes a language valuable. According to Edwards (1985), greater possibilities of employment and acceptance by the community that speaks the language are some valuable qualities. Factors that devalue a language would include the embarrassment some children feel about parents’ use of the minority language in public when the children want to conform. Gardner (1985) has produced and reviewed studies attempting to establish a relationship between attitudes towards a language and culture and motivation to practise the language and participate in that culture. He concludes on the basis of the research that attitudes are fairly consistently related to achievement in a language. Political issues obviously affect attitudes and Romaine (1989, p. 42), in dealing with the effect of ties with the homeland on language maintenance, wrote that â€Å"refugees often reject the language of the oppressive regime and try to assimilate to the new culture as quickly as possible†. An individual’s and community’s sense of ethnic identity appears to have a profound influence on language maintenance. Issues of identity are extremely personal and often emotional, interwoven as they are with personality. One expects the extent to which a person identifies with his/her ethnic background to influence the motivation behind maintenance of the ethnic language. Some studies (e.g. Bentahila and Davies, 1992) have disputed this expectation. It appears that it is possible for a sp eech community to value its ethnic background and language highly though not passing it on to their children, possibly for utilitarian reasons. Or language may not be considered a core value of ethnic identity, as with the Dutch community in Australia, which tends not to maintain the Dutch language over generations (Clyne, 1982). The Dutch community in Australia, according to Smolicz and Secombe (1979), is a group that does not consider it very important to retain its own culture as distinct to that of the dominant majority. Poles and Greeks, however, are language-centred cultures, in which language is considered an important and defining aspect of group membership. These communities, according to Clyne (1979), do maintain their languages well. It thus appears that a strong sense of ethnic identity is an important factor contributing to language maintenance as long as language is considered an important part of that identity.

Apple brand marketing campaigns positively influences Apples corporate Research Paper

Apple brand marketing campaigns positively influences Apples corporate identity in the consumes mind - Research Paper Example To build that kind of brand image, organizations will come up with brand marketing campaigns before and after the launch of the new products or services, which will entice and impress upon the eyes, ears and thereby the minds of the intended consumers. Then, when the launched products or services live up to the expectations of the campaigns and becomes successful, it will create an optimal impact for the organization, bringing in more consumers. Aaker (2004) discussed that a strong brand is a helpful and useful tool to establish an image and status for the organization, which in will influence the client to go the organization’s products, thereby building a solid and loyal customer franchise. Apple Inc. is one organization, which has been able to achieve this perfectly with its effective marketing campaigns. Srivastavaa and Thomas (2010) validates this fact by stating that Apple’s brand marketing campaigns has been one of its key components to its success, as it helped it to develop an positive brand image, which in turn played an important role in how consumers viewed it as a company, and importantly influenced them to buy its wide range of products. Apple Inc. started building a strong brand in the 1980s and 1990s, with campaigns like the Super Bowl commercial titled â€Å"1984†, the â€Å"Think Different campaign† in 1990s, etc. According to Kahney (2002), John Sculley, the former CEO at Apple Inc., increased Apple advertising budget from $15 million to $100 million in early 90s, and the current CEO, Steve Jobs spent close to $100 million in the marketing campaigns of iMac alone. With these spending and effective marketing campaigns, Apple Inc. was able to create a positive corporate identity, which greatly appealed to the client base, and importantly made them to support Apple Inc. even during its worst times. That is, when Apple’s products did not do well and when the company faced tough financial crisis, its brand image and the resultant consumers’ affinity towards it, only helped it to survive. As stated by marketer Marc Globe, â€Å"Apple is about imagination, design and innovation. It goes beyond commerce. This business should have been dead 10 years ago, but people said we've got to support it.† (qtd. in HWM, 2004). Chernatony & McDonald (2003) further adds up by stating, when a product or a service has a strong brand image, â€Å"customers perceive them as having value over and above that of the ‘equivalent’ commodity, or in excess of the sum of the price of the product’s or service’s constituent parts†. After a resurge due to its strong brand image, Apple Inc. was able to further elevate its corporate identity in the consumers’ mind with the launch of its successful flagship product, iPod in 2001. Its worldwide success gave Apple a strong corporate identity of a technological major, who can come up with products, which are innovative, adv anced and multi-purpose. That is, Apple’s products came to be recognized by consumers as high-end information and communications technology hardware, manufactured by a strong organization (Potter, 2006). In 2006, Apple Computers' survival and success hinged on two new initiatives - incorporation of Intel Processors to its PC's and its plans to succeed in digital

Analyse the social impact of a UK government initiative on urban Essay

Analyse the social impact of a UK government initiative on urban learning - Essay Example Forming a sustainable society needs reformation of educational systems. What people believe and think about the world affects what they do as voters, consumers, and resource owners, as government officials, international diplomats, and employees. Sustainable urban development must take a wide view of urban issues and effort to solve urban problems by assimilating environmental, social, and economical components. For sustainable urban development, learning is one of the most significant factors. Maser (1997) defines sustainable community development as a community-directed progression of development based on: a) inspirational human values of love, trust, respect, wonder, modesty, and concern; b) active learning, which is a balance between the intelligence and instinct, between the abstract and the concrete, between action and reflection; c) sharing that caused through communication, collaboration, and coordination; d) an ability to understand and work with and within the flow of life as a fluid system, distinguishing, understanding, and excepting the implication of relationships; e) patience in seeking an understanding of an essential issue rather than applying band aid like quick fixes to problematic symptoms; f) deliberately integrating the learning space into the working space into a persistent cycle of theory, experimentation, action, and reflection; and g) a shared societal vision stranded in long-term sustainability, both culturally and environmentally. In recent years, policymakers in the United Kingdom have commended their school systems to assure that substantially all students obtain the levels of knowledge and skill in core academic subjects required to succeed in further education, work, and citizenship.

School of Education and Child Development Essay Example for Free

School of Education and Child Development Essay The School of Education and Child Development in Drury University aims to provide a teacher education program that would engender educated professionals who would uphold the importance of education and exert great efforts in order to become a productive contributor to the learning community. Future educators are trained in the university to make sound choices and judgments for the advancement of learning and education, to be instrumental in the teaching and learning process to help in the education of other people, and acknowledge the importance and significant roles that children play in the global community. (Drury University, 2004) The university takes on the future of the coming generations as their responsibility and acknowledges the functions of teachers in the realization of this responsibility. Therefore, the teacher education program of the university was designed not only teach future educators the nominal aspect of teaching, but also to encourage commitment and dedication to their line of industry. Part of this commitment is to take on various roles in order to become influential to the students and their education, knowledgeable about the lessons they teach, and the strategies and approaches that should applied in teaching process. Moreover, the teacher education program aspires to inculcate the ideal representation of the educational institution as one that nourishes learning, creativity, and uprightness and reaffirm the teacher’s view of himself as a valuable part of the school. (Drury University, 2004) Another significant objective upheld by the teacher education program is the much-needed participation of teachers to the development and enhancement of educational institutions, more specifically public schools. Teachers are persuaded to be actively involved in the reformation of the schools in order to affect desirable educational programs and learning outcomes. Moreover, the university also encourages not only the education of future educators in the university but also their ability to be able to apply everything that they have learned in the public school setting. (Drury University, 2004) The vision and philosophy of the university’s teacher education program is primarily geared towards the contributory aspect of teaching to society as a valuable member of the learning community. As a future educator, one must be able to give back to society what was learned and experienced during one’s stay in the university under the teacher education program. This may be accomplished by being instrumental in changing and modifying the face of education by improvement and development. Through this, the university is able to produce professional educators that cultivate quality and meaningful education that shapes the future of the coming generations. The teacher education program has set out several guidelines or standards that determine the competencies that students must achieve throughout training under the program. For instance, teachers must be able to focus on the students, and as part of the educational institution, they must be able to identify and provide for the needs of the students. Moreover, teachers must be able to acknowledge that students are different from one another, while at the same time exerting equal time and effort in facilitating learning within the learning environment. In addition, the learning process should be implemented during instruction in such a way that it meets the developmental needs of the students as a whole (physical, social, mental, etc. ). (Drury University, 2004) The teacher takes on multifarious roles such as the managing the classroom, monitoring the learning progress of students, etc. but most of all, the teacher is should be the one who facilitates learning through appropriate lessons and challenging activities, motivating and stimulating learning, and sound judgment and assessment of student progress. All these, of course, are grounded on the standards and objectives of education and the learning outcomes that the education program has established in the core curriculum. Aside from working with the students to affect learning, the teacher is also groomed to collaborate with other stakeholders that regard the teaching profession important as a means of educating the students. For instance, teachers must be able to establish meaningful relationships with other professional educators in order to gain insight and additional knowledge in being an effective educator within the learning community. Teachers, throughout the course of handling students from different family backgrounds and culture, must also build relationships with the parents of their students. This is part of the parent’s involvement in the education of their children, as a valuable instrument in the follow-up phase of learning within the family environment. (Drury University, 2004) The teacher education program is primarily based on established principles and standards such as the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), the School Development Model of Comer, and postulates for the reform of teacher education by Goodlad. (Drury University, 2004) The university has achieved a highly competent teacher education program through its establishment according to the standards of NBPTS, which claims to uphold the values and knowledge that teachers should be learning (NBPTS, 2008). Moreover, the university’s teacher education program was also developed under the guidance of the NCATE standards, which aims to provide quality programs for educational institutions that embody what the students have to learn in order to achieve professional standards in preparation for the future (NCATE, 2008). The conceptual framework of the university’s teacher education program maybe understood by reviewing the eleven domains of teacher education. These eleven domains embody that learning outcomes and performance appraisals that the future teacher should accomplish before deployment to the actual school setting. The acquisition of relevant knowledge, such as the basics of teaching, the understanding of the needs and differences of students, the ability to develop challenging instructional strategies and materials, the development of a pertinent course curriculum that is fitting to the global scenario, the learning of schools for the employment of technological tools and recent instruments to facilitate learning, are just some of the eleven domains that are included in the conceptual framework of the university’s teacher education program. (Drury University, 2008) The knowledge of the university’s mission and philosophy, teaching program, and the conceptual framework for the teacher education program, is all-important in understanding the roles and responsibilities that future educators should accomplish throughout their college education as a preservice teacher. Moreover, future educators are informed of the things that they should acquire in order to be a valuable member of the learning community. References Drury University. (2004).Conceptual Framework for Initial Certification of Teachers. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from Drury University. Website: http://www. drury. edu/academics/undergrad/education/pdf/bluebook. pdf NBPTS. (2008). National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Website: http://www. nbpts. org/ NCATE. (2008). Standards. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. Website: http://www. ncate. org/public/standards. asp

Smoking Hazards: Tobacco Cultivation In Colonial America Essay examples

Tobacco was a main crop in colonial America that helped stabilize the economy (Cotton 1). Despite the fact that tobacco took the place of the other crops in Virginia, as well as replacing the hunt for gold with tobacco cultivation. It proved to be a major cash crop, especially in Virginia and Maryland (Weeks 3). Tobacco left many people financially troubled because other occupations were disregarded or not as profitable as tobacco farmers (Randel 128). The unemployment that tobacco brought about made many colonists poor and homeless (128). After the tobacco boom started, many men signed themselves to indentured servitude hoping to be freed and given land along with other promised goods (Tunis 79). Three hundred and fifty thousand African slaves were also imported to labor on large tobacco plantations in the South (Weeks 1). The tobacco industry had a profound effect on colonial America, socially and economically. Tobacco did not just appear in colonial America. The tobacco plant was introduced by John Rolfe to the people of Jamestown (Nobleman 12). John Rolfe also taught the colonists how to farm tobacco (Tunis 77). Though tobacco cultivation seemed to be flourishing, consumers were still getting their tobacco from the Spanish Indies, as the Spanish Indies grew milder tobacco than America (Weeks 1). This motivated John Rolfe to sail to the Spanish Indies and confiscate some of their tobacco seeds ("The Growth of the TobaccoÂ…" 2). The tobacco from the Spanish Indies boosted the economic growth of colonial America (2). However, John Rolfe was not the first person to have tobacco in the new world. The Native Americans were the first people to cultivate and smoke tobacco and taught their trade to the Spanish (1). The ... .... New York: Funk and Wagnall's, 1972. Lorenz, Stacy L. "To do Justice to His Majesty, the Merchant and the Planter." Virginia Magazine of History & Bibliography. 2000. 108. 4, 8 pages. Nobleman, Marc Tyler. The Thirteen Colonies. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2002. Pecquet, Gary M. "British Mercantilism and Crop Controls in the Tobacco Colonies. A Study of Rent-seeking costs." CATO Journal, 2003. 19 pages. Purvis, Thomas L. Colonial America to 1763. New York: Facts on File, 1999. Randel, William Peirce. Mirror of a People. Maplewood, New Jersey: Hammond Incorporated, 1973. "The Growth of the Tobacco Trade." February 24, 2006. 3 pages. November 14, 2006. Tunis, Edwin. Colonial Living. Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company, 1957. Weeks, Dick. "Southern Tobacco in the Civil War." March 9, 2002. 3 pages. November 16, 2006.

Management perspective

A new, female CEO was brought in and she began implementing a wave of changes. The areas where there was a lot of focus was culture, improving technology and staff retention. The current situation of the Hospital Trust from indicates that there are problems within the trust, which is causing a weak performance and quality. These problems need to be addressed in order to improve performance and quality. Staff and patient surveys showed major problems with moral and communication. It also indicates that staffs were unhappy with the current style of management.And although there were changes little improvement in finance and staff was complaining of overwork, too much change, they knew little Of he new CEO and that their own manager's style was unchanged. All this could be due to lack of communication between the CEO, staffs and patients. In order to address this major problem, the CEO needs to put in place a clear communication strategy, for example have regular monthly updates in the Hospital as an open forum updating staff on new developments and listening to staff concerns and their ideas.Maybe set up a diverse committee of managers, staffs, and patients that comes together frequently to address the current problems, ideas and feedbacks with the CEO This form of immunization could help structure ways performance and quality can be improved, eradicate the barrier between the new CEO and her staffs and also improving their relationship. There are various aspects of leadership and cultures that can be important to this case I. E. Types of leadership, their styles and theories, relationship, organization culture etc. Leadership is more than just wielding power, as this shows.The ‘Great Man' theory by Thomas Carlyle says that ‘leaders are born not made' however it can be argued that a great leader is not merely born; many leaders develop their leadership skills and Tyler from trial and error, studies and experience of success (Edgar et al. 1954). Genera lly, there can be confusion between management and leadership (Smyth 1 989) because they both have a lot in common. Managers and leaders both have power, which is use in the running of operation or businesses efficiently (Smyth 1989). They both have people that depend on them for ideas, information and direction on a day to day basic.However, there are some major differences between them. Management direct and control people and resource, in a group or organization according to the aloes or principles already established or provided to them by the organization (Mullions 2005). They manage resources to retain the current situation or make sure things occur according to established plans and policies, there is no new direction or change. On the other hand, leadership is the ability of an individual to provide inspiration and lead a group of people effectively for the benefit of an activity or organization, but still maintaining valid ideas and principles.Because just talking about the vision and showing passion is not enough. A leader (inspirational leader) listens to the people in heir organization; this allows the thoughts and ideas of the staff to help shape the mission and vision (Mullions 2005). People are more supportive of a direction they partly form. Because just talking about the vision and showing direction they partly form. The new CEO in this organization need to combine her leadership skills with her management skills. This will help to set direction and manage resources to achieve SUcceSS.Because leadership without management is setting a vision or direction for others to follow without taking into account too much on how the vision is going to be achieved. THREE KEY AREAS CULTURE A number of authors suggest that culture is a vital determinant of organizational performance. Research carried out by Lorry (2003) shows a link between positive cultural views among employees and proactive leadership behaviors. What is organization culture? Literature r eview shows countless definitions for organization culture, with perhaps the more common definition being â€Å"the way we do things around here' by Deal and Kennedy (1982).Organizational culture is demonstrated usually in the characteristics of the organization. It is regarded as the way things are done or understood in an organization (Shill 2008). Tall BRB (1983) regarded organization culture as a network of beliefs and shared values that combine company's people, control systems and organization structures, to produce behavioral norms. Firstly a SOOT analyses was done to be able to assess the situation and put a strategy in place. A soot analyses is helpful as it helps the organization to exploit its opportunities and strengths and avoid mistakes and correct its weak areas.An evaluation and of opportunities and threats provides information on what an organization might do. While strengths and weaknesses enables the organization to determine what it can do (Davidson ND Griffin 2 006). The SOOT for the NASH Trust shows: Strength: Part of a Large organization, Skilled Manpower and Labor force Weakness: Needs Leadership, lack of motivation for staff, old IT system Opportunities: Improve efficiency for patients, improve the IT systems Threats: Organizational Culture TO begin the process Of bringing in planned changes the CEO decided to upgrade the hospital IT systems.This was required to provide employees with state-of-the-art hardware and software equipment to work more effectively and to assist the organization to respond better to the competitive environment. Secondly, empowering employees with extra motives and third begin a process of cultural change that would help the organization to overcome workforce difficulties and conflicts. The chief executive officer and managing directors allowed the external consultants to have access to any kind of documents relevant to the organization.External consultants formed the team that would lead the change initiative with other internal managers from human resources, IT manager and about 15 employees of the IT service division and the Clinical Directors from the Medical and Surgical Departments and Ward Managers, nurses and some allied staff. It was very important that the Trust included the most influential people in the team, as they are vital to any change process. The inclusion of senior managers helps to have lines of accountability and clearly defined expectations from managers, as they have to manage the changes successfully.According to Pascal and Those (1982) shared values is one of the ‘levers' of management and managers could manipulate this culture. Therefore managers can use culture as a tool to bring about change. Stakeholders involvement was a key aspect of achieving these goals. According to Freeman (1984) the concept of stakeholders is to assist with the tragic management within organizations (Marinades et al. 2011). In terms of organizational change strategies, stakeholde rs are both those who are involved in making decisions about change and those who are affected by the change.The software and hardware advancement led to better design and implementation of information systems and services for the organization especially highlighting areas where improvements could be made to achieve short term gains and make a difference to the service to patients like cutting waiting lists for patients and better appointment times thereby improving efficiency. In terms of organizational change strategies, stakeholders are those who are involved in making decisions about change and those who are affected by the change.First, the employees of the organization are the internal clients, as the cultural and technological changes concern them. The external clients of the change are the public and government organizations to which the NASH provides services to. The software and hardware development led to better design and implementation of information systems and lead to an improvement in the services for the organization and the patients. Many searchers characterize organizational change as a chaotic process (Burns 2005).Therefore it is very important to identify who will be your â€Å"change agents† in the organization, to drive the change forward. In this case the main people Were the organization's medical and surgical directors and human resource manager who was involved with cultural changes, the fifteen employees of the IT services division who made the software and hardware updates, the ward managers and the external consultants. Lastly the sponsor is the person that provides the budget for the change project and influences session making in this case the CEO (Goldenberg et al. 011 TECHNOLOGY A planned changed approach managers were able to use a formal process to identify what the changes will be and setting about it in a planned way. Linen's three Steps change framework of â€Å"unfreezing, movement and refreezing was used (Lenin 1951 The unfreezing phrase breaks down the resistance to change and sets up a malleable organization. The movement phase establishes the new systems or tasks and the refreezing stage embeds the changes in the organizational systems. Managers are able to have clear goals that can be measured and completed within a set timeshare.

Climate Change Affects Economy

Weather is one of the important elements in a certain county. Philippines is a tropical country and had two seasons: dry season and wet season. Being a tropical country, Philippines experience a hot weather which http://www. mapsofworld. com/referrals/weather/climate/tropical-climate. html stated that tropical climate has an average temperature above 18?C. Climate change is one of the disasters that can barely affect the economy of a certain country. Baguio City, having a cold weather, is known as the â€Å"Summer Capital of the Philippines†.Tourists visit this country for relaxation and also for adventure and sight-seeing of some famous spots in this city. It makes a good contribution to the increasing number of tourists. Experiencing a cold temperature, there are some fruits and vegetables that only located and grow in this city because some grows only in a cold place like strawberries. According to http://www. abs-cbnnews. com/nation/regions/01/12/14/baguio-hits-lowest-temp erature-2014 â€Å"Temperature dropped to its lowest this year in Baguio City.The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) on Sunday said this morning’s 10. 3 ° Celsius temperature in the city is the lowest since September of 2013. Meantime, farmers in Mt. Cabuyao in Baguio City are bracing for some losses due to frost injuries on vegetables, which could worsen if cold weather conditions persist. † Due to low temperature that Baguio is facing, it widely affects the economy of the said city. Supply of vegetables decreases because of the said frost injuries.Lower supply of vegetables results to higher price in the market. This is a great example of Law of Supply. Economy of the Baguio is in great danger because of this kind of temperature. I can say that climate change really affects the economy of our country. YOLANDA PROPELS DEMAND FOR HOUSING GOODS Last November 8, 2013, a tragic disaster occurs in the Philippines particu larly in the Visayas area. Typhoon Yolanda, having an international name â€Å"Haiyan†, landfalls at Tacloban that happens on the said date which according to http://www. rappler.com/business/47580-yolanda-reconstruction-ph-growth-2014 leaves more than 6,000 people dead and almost 900,000 homeless. The government is confident it can achieve its economic growth target for 2014 due in part to ongoing reconstruction efforts in areas devastated by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) as said by the rappler. â€Å"National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Assistant Director-General Rosemarie Edillon told reporters a robust construction sector will help the government reach its 6. 5% to 7. 5% gross domestic product (GDP) growth target this year.The government earmarked P360. 9 billion ($8. 17 billion) for the rehabilitation of the affected areas over a 4-year period. Of the total amount, 50. 79% or P183. 3 billion will be used to build shelter and resettlement. † Edillon stated that the construction of some one million homes for Yolanda victims will propel demand for housing-related goods and services. Gross domestic product (GDP) will increase due to more demand of housing goods and also because of higher demand, higher tax will go to the hands of the government.And with this taxes the government will sign again more projects and they will buy again many materials needed and the materials will got high demand and cycle goes on and on. This is like what Sir Cruz said to us, that if spent our money more, there is more jobs employment that will happen and more Filipinos will be employed. This is an important cycle that is going on in every country. OIL PRICE CUT Oil is very important to every country in the world.This is one of the reasons why countries had to declare war. Gasoline is made from oil, particularly crude oil. Oil is primarily used for vehicles; cars, jeeps, buses and other private and vehicles. Last January 13, 2014, according to The Philippin e Star, oil companies announced another round of oil price adjustment, marking the second consecutive week of price cuts. Effective today the price per liter of gasoline is cheaper by 85 centavos, kerosene by P1. 10 and diesel by 90 centavos.â€Å"The following rollbacks will be implemented effective 12:01 a. m. of Jan. 13: Gasoline by P0. 85 per liter, kerosene by P1. 10 per liter and diesel by P0. 90 per liter. This reflects movements in the international oil market,† Petron and Seaoil Philippines said in separate statements. The energy department said oil production in Libya has plunged to about 250,000 barrels a day from nearly 1. 5 million, amid demand from armed protesters for a more regional autonomy and greater

Organized labor essays

Organized labor essays Organized labor, during the period from 1875 to 1900, was not as successful in improving the position of workers as one was hoping it would be. There are many results that arose from these organized labor attempts that prove how unsuccessful they actually were. These results include the collapse of many labor unions such as, NLU, Knights of Labor, and ARU, the failure of many strikes such as, the Great Railroad Strike, the Haymarket Riot, and the Pullman Strike, and the techniques used by management to defeat labor. The National Labor Union, otherwise known as NLU, was organized following the time of the Civil War. This labor union was created by William Sylvis. The NLU had a couple of main goals. One goal was to return to the ways of early America; the time when workers controlled the average workday and could actually make a decent living and not have to work their heart and soul out for pennies a day. They demanded eight hour work days, on average, eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will. They wanted equal opportunities for craft workers, skilled and unskilled workers, and even reformers. The only exclusions were those involved with banks, defending (lawyers), and the disbursement of liquor. At their height, more than 600,000 people were involved with this union, making it the first largest national union. By the early 1870s, the NLU had created their own political party, a third party. But, to much disappointment, in the elections of 1872, they lost, heavily. With the Panic of 1872 and the Depression in the mid-1870s, the NLU collapsed. The Knights of Labor was established in 1871 by Uriah Stephens, a Protestant. Many were drawn to this organization. These Knights were led by Terence V. Powderly and was open to any variety of the working class. In 1878, they fought for equal pay for women and even le...

The relation between IM, Information Security and HRM Essay

The relation between IM, Information Security and HRM - Essay Example Software assurance is another aspect of information security. Software vulnerabilities can jeopardize intellectual property, consumer trust, business operations and services, thus the use of any software by the organization has to be in conjunction with the information security department, and these among others are some of the key roles information security plays in the safeguard of information in the Human resource departments. The paper also emphasizes the involvement of the top management in making information security an important part of the organization culture, need to establish a clear and effective information security policy and guidelines for employees. The absence of information security measures not only lead to theft, but the organization could suffer damage with minimal legal redress against the individuals concerned. In the end the paper discusses the need for an accurate measurement system and a continuous improvement policy to ensure the organization is abreast wit h the dynamic nature of the issue and is prepared to meet newer security concerns. Introduction Information management is a very vast concept; it includes a cycle of processes that supports firm’s learning activity by identifying, organizing, storing, processing and acquiring information (Choo, 1995). Information is one the most fundamental resources of an organization, one that needs to be managed like any other resource, like plant, equipment or people. Â  Forward-looking companies consider information as a strategic asset that can be leveraged into a competitive advantage in the markets served by the company (Karim & Hussein, 2008). Information, being such an important resource in an organization,... The paper affirm that the value of a firm’s investment in information security can be measured by examining the stock market investor’s behaviours towards firms IT security investment announcements. In examining the current business environment and the risks associated with it, it is important to include the role of Internet. The internet is one of the most critical infrastructures of a modern business. Firms have to take into account the broader picture when it comes to information security. Management of information in an effective manner is the only way to secure information. Board involvement is an absolutely critical issue and the top management should always play an active role in the formulation of the information security policy. Most of the times, the board members are not up to speed with the technology systems being used in the organization and what kind of attacks the company is vulnerable to. The board needs to be updated on the information security systems at least on a quarterly basis so that adequate measures can be taken to upgrade the systems, with the fast changing technologies; it has become imperative to remain in constant touch with the risks that the changing technological environment possesses. Comprehensive information security policies are well written, responsibilities are assigned and roles well outlined. Human resource department is responsible for managing human capital of an organization.

Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe.Traditional West African dance and music Research Paper

Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe.Traditional West African dance and music techniques - Research Paper Example Comparison of Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe Drumming culture Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe are more or less Ghanaian cultures and they are West African in nature. Ga Kpanlogo has its origin in the capital city of Ghana, Accra, given this is the traditional home of the Ga people whose culture is manifested here (Lewis 2002, p.5). This type of dance can be termed as the urban youth dance and drumming. In addition, it is mainly a symbol of commitment among the rapidly growing youth in the capital of Ghana. This is due to the advocacy nature of the culture while trying to shape the political vision of the post-colonial Africa (Music 2001, p.10). Ewe music and drumming, on the other hand, are a combination of musical and drumming activities of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo and Benin. This community throughout West Africa is known for drumming and their mode is in the form of a sophistication of cross rhythms and polyrhythm borrowing some of their similarities from jazz and Afro-Caribbean music. This form of drumming embraces diversity and therefore, the drums and music are played in so many different ways depending on where the group playing it originates. The Ewe drumming culture is composed of several drums, a bell and a rattle, and this will be different from Ga Kpanlogo, which is generally composed of drums. Each group of complete Ewe drumming is composed of a master drum together with other secondary drums and an iron bell (Lewis 2002, p.8). The Ewe people do not only have a complex drumming culture but also a complex way of their living. One of their beliefs is that if one person is good at drumming and dancing, then i t is because they inherited it from an ancestor who was good at it. It is important to realize that for both the Ga Kpanlogo and the Ewe music systems, they exhibit 16 voices in their voice notations in terms of their female and male voices. It is notable that the music and drumming cultures of the two societies have some aspects in common. The two forms of drumming and music relate to the belief systems of their respective societies. For example, in the Ewe people music helps them reconnect with their ancestors as they feel the power of life. The aspect of ancestors is quite fundamental to the people of Ewe as they possess the ability to define an individual’s destiny, hence they must be pleased through music (Music 2001, p.13). Secondly, both the group music and drumming culture are aesthetic. For example, the Ewe considers powerful music as good music. This is as the force of drumming helps people remember their past victories as very important concepts. The drumming and m usic of the two communities are a significant symbol of their history as well. In the past for example, drumming helped the Ewe people achieve their freedom from their captors through the blessings from their ancestors (Burns 2006, p.24-6). According to this culture, music is a destiny manifested as a gift from the ancestors. For the two communities, music is used for and during special functions such as during war, at funerals and for rituals for the ancestors in the society. After such functions are over, other genres are put in place for continuity (Rentink 2002, p.31-8). Ga Kpanlogo, as played by the Ga ethnic group most of whom live in Accra, existed in the recreational dance and music. It has since spread as bushfire throughout the country, which began just as a mere creative dance (Agawu 1987, p.9). As opposed to the Ewe dance and music, which were influenced by Afro-Caribbean music and jazz, this form of